Toku Ltd TKU

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Financials

Annual Report 2025

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Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Group)

19 metrics

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Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Group) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY ended 31 Dec 20252024Group, FY ended 31 Dec 2024 Source
Profit or loss
RevenueUS$ 34,755,41631,788,258 PDF p. 136
Cost of salesUS$ (26,323,954)(23,087,037) PDF p. 136
Gross profitUS$ 8,431,4628,701,221 PDF p. 136
Other incomeUS$ 70,41147,339 PDF p. 136
Selling and marketing expensesUS$ (5,536,207)(5,351,429) PDF p. 136
General and administration expensesUS$ (10,190,734)(6,678,013) PDF p. 136
Research and development expensesUS$ (1,434,420)(1,245,409) PDF p. 136
Loss on fair value change of liabilities at FVPLUS$ (409,387)- PDF p. 136
Other expensesUS$ (44,431)(6,427) PDF p. 136
Total operating expensesUS$ (17,615,179)(13,281,278) PDF p. 136
Operating lossUS$ (9,113,306)(4,532,718) PDF p. 136
Finance costs, netUS$ (766,748)(741,650) PDF p. 136
Loss before income taxUS$ (9,880,054)(5,274,368) PDF p. 136
Income tax creditUS$ 800,00017,861 PDF p. 136
Loss for the yearUS$ (9,080,054)(5,256,507) PDF p. 136
Other comprehensive income
Currency translation differenceUS$ 36,368(41,816) PDF p. 136
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxationUS$ 36,368(41,816) PDF p. 136
Total comprehensive income
Total comprehensive loss for the financial year, attributable to owners of the CompanyUS$ (9,043,686)(5,298,323) PDF p. 136
Loss per share attributable to owners of the Company (cents)
Basic and dilutedcents per share (0.03)(0.02) PDF p. 136
Definitions & sources

Header: Note 2025 2024 US$. Loss per share is labelled (cents). Total comprehensive loss row label wraps across two lines: 'Total comprehensive loss for the financial year, attributable to' / 'owners of the Company'.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Group)

29 metrics

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Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Group) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, as at 31 Dec 20252024Group, as at 31 Dec 2024 Source
Non-current assets
Plant and equipmentUS$ 123,071195,779 PDF p. 137
Goodwill on acquisitionUS$ 4,443,0704,443,070 PDF p. 137
Intangible assetsUS$ 2,865,1331,763,064 PDF p. 137
Deferred tax assetsUS$ 800,000- PDF p. 137
Other receivablesUS$ -9,829 PDF p. 137
Other assetsUS$ 37,44935,577 PDF p. 137
Total non-current assetsUS$ 8,268,7236,447,319 PDF p. 137
Current assets
Trade and other receivablesUS$ 4,256,5875,449,243 PDF p. 137
Contract assetsUS$ 637,756811,419 PDF p. 137
Other assetsUS$ 750,603913,469 PDF p. 137
PrepaymentsUS$ 272,895234,663 PDF p. 137
Cash and bank balancesUS$ 1,952,4641,234,168 PDF p. 137
Total current assetsUS$ 7,870,3058,642,962 PDF p. 137
Assets
Total assetsUS$ 16,139,02815,090,281 PDF p. 137
Current liabilities
BorrowingsUS$ 1,333,9052,077,823 PDF p. 137
Trade and other payablesUS$ 7,914,2758,277,472 PDF p. 137
Financial liabilities at FVPLUS$ 7,078,214- PDF p. 137
Contract liabilitiesUS$ 1,841,5202,137,375 PDF p. 137
Total current liabilitiesUS$ 18,167,91412,492,670 PDF p. 137
Non-current liabilities
BorrowingsUS$ 2,649,5361,803,493 PDF p. 137
Contract liabilitiesUS$ 253,430130,870 PDF p. 137
Total non-current liabilitiesUS$ 2,902,9661,934,363 PDF p. 137
Capital and reserves
Share capitalUS$ 21,372,88216,783,083 PDF p. 137
Share applicationUS$ -1,701,525 PDF p. 137
ESOP reservesUS$ -819,606 PDF p. 137
Translation reservesUS$ 271(36,097) PDF p. 137
Accumulated lossesUS$ (26,305,005)(18,604,869) PDF p. 137
Total equityUS$ (4,931,852)663,248 PDF p. 137
Liabilities and equity
Total liabilities and equityUS$ 16,139,02815,090,281 PDF p. 137
Definitions & sources

Header: Group, Note, 2025, 2024, US$.

Statement of Financial Position (Company)

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Statement of Financial Position (Company) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Company, as at 31 Dec 20252024Company, as at 31 Dec 2024 Source
Non-current assets
Plant and equipmentUS$ 108,523164,441 PDF p. 138
Investment in subsidiariesUS$ 4,196,0074,195,929 PDF p. 138
Intangible assetsUS$ 2,865,1331,763,064 PDF p. 138
Deferred tax assetsUS$ 800,000- PDF p. 138
Other assetsUS$ 9,620- PDF p. 138
Total non-current assetsUS$ 7,979,2836,123,434 PDF p. 138
Current assets
Trade and other receivablesUS$ 2,719,2003,604,676 PDF p. 138
Contract assetsUS$ 335,714532,009 PDF p. 138
Other assetsUS$ 12,82639,607 PDF p. 138
PrepaymentsUS$ 244,641212,873 PDF p. 138
Cash and bank balancesUS$ 1,444,565762,141 PDF p. 138
Total current assetsUS$ 4,756,9465,151,306 PDF p. 138
Assets
Total assetsUS$ 12,736,22911,274,740 PDF p. 138
Current liabilities
BorrowingsUS$ 1,333,9052,077,823 PDF p. 138
Trade and other payablesUS$ 8,298,6338,413,407 PDF p. 138
Financial liabilities at FVPLUS$ 7,078,214- PDF p. 138
Contract liabilitiesUS$ 14,39528,145 PDF p. 138
Total current liabilitiesUS$ 16,725,14710,519,375 PDF p. 138
Non-current liabilities
BorrowingsUS$ 2,649,5361,803,493 PDF p. 138
Total non-current liabilitiesUS$ 2,649,5361,803,493 PDF p. 138
Capital and reserves
Share capitalUS$ 21,372,88216,783,083 PDF p. 138
Share applicationUS$ -1,701,525 PDF p. 138
ESOP reservesUS$ -819,607 PDF p. 138
Accumulated lossesUS$ (28,011,336)(20,352,343) PDF p. 138
Total equityUS$ (6,638,454)(1,048,128) PDF p. 138
Liabilities and equity
Total liabilities and equityUS$ 12,736,22911,274,740 PDF p. 138
Definitions & sources

Header: Company, Note, 2025, 2024, US$.

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Group)

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Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Group) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, US$2024Group, US$ Source
Profit or loss
RevenueUS$ 34,755,41631,788,258 PDF p. 136
Cost of salesUS$ (26,323,954)(23,087,037) PDF p. 136
Gross profitUS$ 8,431,4628,701,221 PDF p. 136
Other incomeUS$ 70,41147,339 PDF p. 136
Selling and marketing expensesUS$ (5,536,207)(5,351,429) PDF p. 136
General and administration expensesUS$ (10,190,734)(6,678,013) PDF p. 136
Research and development expensesUS$ (1,434,420)(1,245,409) PDF p. 136
Loss on fair value change of liabilities at FVPLUS$ (409,387)- PDF p. 136
Other expensesUS$ (44,431)(6,427) PDF p. 136
Total operating expensesUS$ (17,615,179)(13,281,278) PDF p. 136
Operating lossUS$ (9,113,306)(4,532,718) PDF p. 136
Finance costs, netUS$ (766,748)(741,650) PDF p. 136
Loss before income taxUS$ (9,880,054)(5,274,368) PDF p. 136
Income tax creditUS$ 800,00017,861 PDF p. 136
Loss for the yearUS$ (9,080,054)(5,256,507) PDF p. 136
Other comprehensive income/(loss) that will be reclassified to profit or loss, net of taxation
Currency translation differenceUS$ 36,368(41,816) PDF p. 136
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxationUS$ 36,368(41,816) PDF p. 136
Total comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for the financial year, attributable to owners of the CompanyUS$ (9,043,686)(5,298,323) PDF p. 136
Loss per share attributable to owners of the Company (cents)
Basic and dilutedcents (0.03)(0.02) PDF p. 136
Definitions & sources

Columns: 2025, 2024; amounts in US$. A Note column is also printed. Only Group is presented; no separate Company statement of comprehensive income was found.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Group)

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Group) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, Share capital, US$2025Group, Equity notes, US$2025Group, Share application, US$2025Group, ESOP reserves, US$2025Group, Translation reserves, US$2025Group, Accumulated losses, US$2025Group, Total equity, US$ Source
FY2024 movements
Balance as at 1 January 2024US$ 13,333,097950,00011,085453,0385,719(13,348,362)1,404,577 PDF p. 139
Issuance of sharesUS$ 2,499,986-----2,499,986 PDF p. 139
Conversion into share capitalUS$ 950,000(950,000)----- PDF p. 139
Issuance of share applicationUS$ --1,690,440---1,690,440 PDF p. 139
Share-based paymentUS$ ---366,568--366,568 PDF p. 139
Total comprehensive loss for the yearUS$ ----(41,816)(5,256,507)(5,298,323) PDF p. 139
FY2024 closing / FY2025 opening
Balance as at 31 December 2024US$ 16,783,083-1,701,525819,606(36,097)(18,604,869)663,248 PDF p. 139
FY2025 movements
Issuance of sharesUS$ 485,837-----485,837 PDF p. 139
Conversion into share capitalUS$ 1,701,525-(1,701,525)---- PDF p. 139
Share-based paymentUS$ 2,402,437--560,312--2,962,749 PDF p. 139
Reclassification of ESOP reserves to accumulated lossesUS$ ---(1,379,918)-1,379,918- PDF p. 139
Total comprehensive loss for the yearUS$ ----36,368(9,080,054)(9,043,686) PDF p. 139
FY2025 closing
Balance as at 31 December 2025US$ 21,372,882---271(26,305,005)(4,931,852) PDF p. 139
Definitions & sources

Column order: Share capital, Equity notes, Share application, ESOP reserves, Translation reserves, Accumulated losses, Total equity; all US$. Rows cover FY2024 movements (opening 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024) then FY2025 movements; the row label dates identify the period. No non-controlling interests are presented. A separate Company statement of changes in equity was not found.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Group) - operating and investing activities

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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Group) - operating and investing activities from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, US$2024Group, US$ Source
Operating activities
Loss before income taxUS$ (9,880,054)(5,274,368) PDF p. 140
Operating activities - Adjustments for
Depreciation of plant and equipmentUS$ 122,270169,834 PDF p. 140
Amortisation of intangible assetsUS$ 44,431- PDF p. 140
Write off of disposal of plant and equipmentUS$ 244- PDF p. 140
Loss on fair value changes of financial liabilities at FVPLUS$ 409,387- PDF p. 140
Interest expensesUS$ 780,802753,223 PDF p. 140
Interest incomeUS$ (14,054)(11,573) PDF p. 140
Share-based payment expensesUS$ 2,962,479366,568 PDF p. 140
Unrealised currency translation gainUS$ (20,335)(49,235) PDF p. 140
Operating activities
Operating cash flows before movements in working capitalUS$ (5,594,830)(4,045,551) PDF p. 140
Operating activities - Changes in working capital
InventoriesUS$ -1,615 PDF p. 140
Trade and other receivablesUS$ 1,202,485(2,582,896) PDF p. 140
Contract assetsUS$ 173,663325,478 PDF p. 140
Other assetsUS$ 160,994529,410 PDF p. 140
PrepaymentsUS$ (38,232)(28,649) PDF p. 140
Trade and other payablesUS$ 108,6122,359,038 PDF p. 140
Contract liabilitiesUS$ (173,295)(350,302) PDF p. 140
Operating activities
Cash used in operationsUS$ (4,160,603)(3,791,857) PDF p. 140
Income tax refundUS$ -17,861 PDF p. 140
Net cash used in operating activitiesUS$ (4,160,603)(3,773,996) PDF p. 140
Investing activities
Interest receivedUS$ 14,05411,573 PDF p. 140
Repayment of deferred consideration due to acquisitionUS$ (565,574)(1,214,399) PDF p. 140
Addition of plant and equipmentUS$ (48,017)(29,231) PDF p. 140
Addition of intangible assetsUS$ (1,146,500)(1,008,660) PDF p. 140
Net cash used in investing activitiesUS$ (1,746,037)(2,240,717) PDF p. 140
Definitions & sources

Continues on page 141 (financing activities and closing cash). Amounts in US$. Note column printed but not extracted.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Group) - financing activities and closing cash

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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Group) - financing activities and closing cash from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, US$2024Group, US$ Source
Financing activities
Issuance of sharesUS$ 85,8372,499,986 PDF p. 141
Issuance of share applicationUS$ -1,690,440 PDF p. 141
Issuance of convertible loansUS$ 7,068,827- PDF p. 141
Redemption/(Placement) of long-term fixed depositsUS$ 440,125(440,125) PDF p. 141
Proceeds from borrowingsUS$ 2,522,1404,576,323 PDF p. 141
Repayment of borrowingsUS$ (2,420,015)(2,256,304) PDF p. 141
Interest paid on borrowingsUS$ (687,037)(422,994) PDF p. 141
Net cash generated from financing activitiesUS$ 7,009,8775,647,326 PDF p. 141
Closing cash
Net change in cash and cash equivalentsUS$ 1,103,237(367,387) PDF p. 141
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the financial yearUS$ 794,0431,154,010 PDF p. 141
Net effect of exchange rate changes in the balance of cash held in foreign currenciesUS$ 55,1847,420 PDF p. 141
Cash and cash equivalents at end of financial yearUS$ 1,952,464794,043 PDF p. 141
Definitions & sources

Continuation of page 140. Amounts in US$.

Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities (Group), FY2025

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Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities (Group), FY2025 from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group: As at 1 January 2025, US$2025Group: Financing cash flows, US$2025Group: Non-cash movement Interest, US$2025Group: As at 31 December 2025, US$ Source
Liabilities 2025
Third party loanUS$ -1,491,093220,5591,711,652 PDF p. 141
Bank borrowingsUS$ 874,872(905,583)30,711- PDF p. 141
Shareholder loansUS$ 3,006,444(1,170,422)435,7672,271,789 PDF p. 141
Definitions & sources

Column order: As at 1 January 2025, Financing cash flows, Non-cash movement Interest, As at 31 December 2025. A separate FY2024 reconciliation (1 Jan 2024 to 31 Dec 2024) is printed below: Bank borrowings - 838,084 36,788 874,872; Shareholder loans 1,561,297 1,058,941 386,206 3,006,444.

Multi-Year Financial Summary (page 12)

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Multi-Year Financial Summary (page 12) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2022Group, FY2022, US$2023Group, FY2023, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025Group, FY2025, US$ Source
Multi-Year Financial Summary
RevenueUS$ 21,566,16728,829,39531,788,25834,755,416 PDF p. 12
Cost of salesUS$ (17,097,444)(20,962,516)(23,087,037)(26,323,954) PDF p. 12
Gross profitUS$ 4,468,7237,866,8798,701,2218,431,462 PDF p. 12
Gross profit margin (%)% 20.727.327.424.3 PDF p. 12
Total operating expensesUS$ (8,553,413)(12,227,239)(13,281,278)(17,615,179) PDF p. 12
Operating lossUS$ (4,084,690)(4,360,360)(4,580,057)(9,183,717) PDF p. 12
Other incomeUS$ 116,96556,25747,33970,411 PDF p. 12
Finance costs, netUS$ –(211,263)(741,650)(766,748) PDF p. 12
Loss before income taxUS$ (3,967,725)(4,515,366)(5,274,368)(9,880,054) PDF p. 12
Income tax credit/(expense)US$ (6)5,21317,861800,000 PDF p. 12
Net loss for the yearUS$ (3,967,731)(4,510,153)(5,256,507)(9,080,054) PDF p. 12
Definitions & sources

The following summary presents selected financial data for the Group over the four financial years from FY2022 to FY2025. FY2022 to FY2024 figures are drawn from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Offer Document dated 14 January 2026. FY2025 figures are drawn from the audited consolidated financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2025 (Forvis Mazars LLP).

All figures are denominated in United States dollars (US$) unless otherwise stated.

¹ FY2022 is the earliest year presented; year-on-year growth is not shown. Revenue CAGR from FY2022 to FY2025 is approximately 17.2% (footnote text on page 13).

Multi-Year Financial Summary (continued, page 13)

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Multi-Year Financial Summary (continued, page 13) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2022Group, FY20222023Group, FY20232024Group, FY20242025Group, FY2025 Source
Multi-Year Financial Summary
Adjusted EBITDA²US$ n/an/a(3,994,248)(3,281,879) PDF p. 13
Adjusted EBITDA margin% n/an/a(12.6)(9.4) PDF p. 13
Adjusted net loss²US$ n/an/a(4,593,458)(4,215,328) PDF p. 13
Total assetsUS$ 5,597,00412,387,20615,090,28116,139,028 PDF p. 13
Total equity/(capital deficiency)US$ 4,359,4961,404,577663,248(4,931,852) PDF p. 13
Cash and bank balancesUS$ 3,025,2301,154,0101,234,1681,952,464 PDF p. 13
Basic and diluted LPS (USD cents)³
- Pre-subdivisionUS$ cents (0.81)(0.89)(1.05)(1.69) PDF p. 13
- Post-subdivisionUS$ cents (0.02)(0.02)(0.02)(0.03) PDF p. 13
Basic and diluted LPS (SGD cents)³
- Pre-subdivisionSGD cents (1.09)(1.18)(1.41)(2.18) PDF p. 13
- Post-subdivisionSGD cents (0.02)(0.02)(0.03)(0.04) PDF p. 13
Weighted average shares³
- Pre-subdivisionnumber of shares 4,890,9955,039,2885,062,5535,337,888 PDF p. 13
- Post-subdivisionnumber of shares 244,549,750251,964,400253,127,650266,894,400 PDF p. 13
Definitions & sources

Footnote 2: Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Loss exclude non-cash and non-recurring charges: share-based payment expenses of US$2,962,479, listing costs of US$2,292,860 and fair-value adjustments on pre-IPO convertible instruments of US$409,387 in FY2025; share-based payment expenses of US$366,568 and fair-value adjustments on Activeo SEA M&A vendor loan of US$314,342 in FY2024. Adjusted metrics for FY2022 and FY2023 are not presented as the adjustment methodology was established in connection with the Company’s listing.

Footnote 3: Basic and diluted loss per share for FY2022 to FY2024 are presented on a pre-subdivision and an assumed post-subdivision basis of 50-for-1 share division for comparison purposes. The 50-for-1 share subdivision was effected on 8 December 2025 as part of the Capital Restructuring Exercise. FY2025 loss per share is also presented on a pre-subdivision and post-subdivision basis for comparative purposes.

LPS = loss per share. No dividend row in this summary.

Revenue by Stream (page 14)

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Revenue by Stream (page 14) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2022Group, FY2022, US$2023Group, FY2023, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025Group, FY2025, US$ Source
Revenue by Stream
UsageUS$ 19,264,26018,084,72319,770,96423,914,733 PDF p. 14
Subscriptions and licensingUS$ 2,138,5964,593,9885,590,4945,623,770 PDF p. 14
Professional servicesUS$ 163,3113,130,5033,292,4872,448,060 PDF p. 14
Maintenance and supportUS$ –2,342,6532,913,4432,559,357 PDF p. 14
Hardware salesUS$ –677,528220,870209,496 PDF p. 14
Total revenueUS$ 21,566,16728,829,39531,788,25834,755,416 PDF p. 14
Definitions & sources

Revenue by Geography (page 15)

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Revenue by Geography (page 15) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2022Group, FY2022, US$2023Group, FY2023, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025Group, FY2025, US$ Source
Revenue by Geography
SingaporeUS$ 5,410,76214,947,29421,176,85320,222,399 PDF p. 15
Hong KongUS$ 10,112,9448,158,4911,993,0356,531,868 PDF p. 15
Other countriesUS$ 6,042,4615,723,6108,618,3708,001,149 PDF p. 15
Total revenueUS$ 21,566,16728,829,39531,788,25834,755,416 PDF p. 15
Definitions & sources

Summary of Key Performance Indicators (MD&A, page 71)

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Summary of Key Performance Indicators (MD&A, page 71) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY2025, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025Change (US$), FY2025 vs FY20242025Change (%), FY2025 vs FY2024 Source
Summary of Key Performance Indicators
Gross ProfitUS$ / % 8,431,4628,701,221(269,759)(3.1) PDF p. 71
Reported Net LossUS$ / % (9,080,054)(5,256,507)(3,823,547)(72.7) PDF p. 71
Operating Cash FlowUS$ / % (4,160,603)(3,773,996)(386,607)(10.2) PDF p. 71
Definitions & sources

1 Adjusted metrics exclude US$5.7M of non-cash and non-recurring charges within operating expenses (listing costs of US$2.3M, accelerated share-based payment expenses of US$3.0M and US$0.4M fair-value adjustments on pre-IPO convertible instruments).

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss (management reporting format, page 72)

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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss (management reporting format, page 72) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY2025, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025CHANGE (%), FY2025 vs FY2024 Source
Condensed P&L
Gross ProfitUS$ / % 8,431,4628,701,221(3.1) PDF p. 72
Operating LossUS$ / % (9,017,016)(4,722,497)(90.9) PDF p. 72
EBITDAUS$ / % (8,946,605)(4,675,158)(91.4) PDF p. 72
EBITUS$ / % (9,113,306)(4,847,060)(88.0) PDF p. 72
Loss before taxUS$ / % (9,880,054)(5,274,368)(87.3) PDF p. 72
Net loss for the yearUS$ / % (9,080,054)(5,256,507)(72.7) PDF p. 72
Definitions & sources

Prepared under the management reporting format; operating expense lines differ from the audited statement (see page 77 footnote: these do not include depreciation and amortisation).

Wrapped labels not extracted as rows: Infrastructure and Licence Costs, Marketing and Advertising Costs, Office Related Costs, Professional Costs, Depreciation and amortisation.

Condensed Statement of Financial Position (page 73)

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Condensed Statement of Financial Position (page 73) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, 31 Dec 2025, US$2024Group, 31 Dec 2024, US$2025CHANGE (%), 2025 vs 2024 Source
Condensed Statement of Financial Position
Current assetsUS$ / % 7,870,3058,642,962(8.9) PDF p. 73
Definitions & sources

2 Adjusted net current liabilities excludes the FVPL liabilities of US$7.1M, which were converted into equity on 13 January 2026. (Adjusted net current liabilities: (3,219,395) 2025; (3,849,708) 2024; +16.4%; label wrapped across lines.)

Net current liabilities row has no printed change value (empty third cell).

Reconciliation of Operating Expenses (page 77)

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Reconciliation of Operating Expenses (page 77) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY2025, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025Change (%), FY2025 vs FY2024 Source
Reconciliation of Operating Expenses
Headcount Costs (underlying)US$ / % 8,516,5229,212,150(7.6) PDF p. 77
Office Related CostsUS$ / % 168,657479,226(64.8) PDF p. 77
Professional CostsUS$ / % 418,882466,637(10.2) PDF p. 77
Definitions & sources

*These do not include depreciation and amortisation charges that were included in ‘Total operating expenses’ in the Audited Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income.

Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation (page 78)

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Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation (page 78) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY2025, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025CHANGE, FY2025 vs FY2024 Source
Adjusted EBITDA
Reported EBITDAUS$ / % (8,946,605)(4,675,158)(91.4) PDF p. 78
Definitions & sources

Add-back lines with wrapped labels: Accelerated share-based payment expenses 2,962,479 / 366,568; Loss on fair value change of liabilities at FVPL 409,387 / 314,342.

Adjusted Net Loss reconciliation (page 79)

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Adjusted Net Loss reconciliation (page 79) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY2025, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$2025CHANGE, FY2025 vs FY2024 Source
Adjusted Net Loss
Reported Net LossUS$ / % (9,080,054)(5,256,507)(72.7) PDF p. 79
Definitions & sources

Wrapped add-back lines: Accelerated share-based payment expenses 2,962,479 / 366,568; Finance expenses: fair value adjustments 409,387 / 314,342.

Operating cash flow summary (page 82)

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Operating cash flow summary (page 82) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, FY2025, US$2024Group, FY2024, US$ Source
Cash Flow Analysis
Loss before income taxUS$ (9,880,054)(5,274,368) PDF p. 82
Non-cash adjustmentsUS$ 4,285,2241,228,817 PDF p. 82
Operating cash flow before working capitalUS$ (5,594,830)(4,045,551) PDF p. 82
Working capital movementsUS$ 1,434,227253,694 PDF p. 82
Income taxUS$ –17,861 PDF p. 82
Net cash used in operating activitiesUS$ (4,160,603)(3,773,996) PDF p. 82
Definitions & sources

Note 9 Basic and diluted loss per share (page 166)

3 metrics

Units appear below each metric. Scroll to compare years

Note 9 Basic and diluted loss per share (page 166) from Annual Report 2025
Metric / unit 2025Group, 2025, US$2024Group, 2024, US$ Source
Note 9
Loss attributable to the owners of the CompanyUS$ (9,043,686)(5,298,323) PDF p. 166
Weighted average number of shares during the year
- Before sub-division of capitalnumber of shares 5,337,8885,062,553 PDF p. 166
Basic and diluted loss per share (US$ cents)
- Before sub-division of capitalUS$ cents (1.69)(1.05) PDF p. 166
Definitions & sources

* For comparative purposes

Page 167: There were no potential dilutive ordinary shares arise from the convertible loans, preference shares, share application and share options. The diluted loss per share for the financial years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 was the same as the basic loss per share.

Dividend per share: none. Page 83: No dividend has been declared or recommended for FY2025 or FY2024.

Where the money comes from

Segment information

By business

Major customers (Note 30) 3 lines
Major customers (Note 30)
Item / unit 2025FY2025 revenue US$2025FY2025 % of revenue2024FY2024 revenue US$2024FY2024 % of revenue Source
Major Customers
Customer AUS$ / % 3,4470.014,955,17015.6 PDF p. 207
Customer BUS$ / % 4,481,39612.894,946,74015.6 PDF p. 207
Customer CUS$ / % 5,443,13815.662,3290.01 PDF p. 207
Notes

The Group operated as a single business operating segment, which is also its reportable segment. No segment revenue, profit, assets, liabilities or capex tables by business segment are printed. Non-current assets are mainly derived and located in Singapore (no figures).

By geography

Disaggregation of revenue by geographical markets (Note 4) 4 lines
Disaggregation of revenue by geographical markets (Note 4) — Group
Item / unit 2025US$2024US$ Source
Geographical markets
SingaporeUS$ 20,222,39921,176,853 PDF p. 164
Hong KongUS$ 6,531,8681,993,035 PDF p. 164
Other countriesUS$ 8,001,1498,618,370 PDF p. 164
Total (unlabelled)US$ 34,755,41631,788,258 PDF p. 164
Notes

(a) The disaggregation is based on the location of customers from which revenue was generated.

Total row has no printed label.

Debt

Borrowings

Terms and debt repayment schedule of borrowings

Terms and debt repayment schedule of borrowings — Group
Item / unit 202531 December 2025, US$202431 December 2024, US$ Source
Unsecured; USD; 12.50%; maturity 2026
Unsecured shareholder loan 1US$ 1,000,0001,000,000 PDF p. 181
Unsecured; SGD; 12.50%; maturity 2026
Unsecured shareholder loan 2US$ 141,278426,955 PDF p. 181
Unsecured; SGD; 12.00%; maturity 2025
Unsecured shareholder loan 3US$ -148,531 PDF p. 181
Secured; SGD; 15.00%; maturity 2026
Secured shareholder loan 1US$ 943,7961,194,989 PDF p. 181
Secured shareholder loan 2US$ 186,715235,969 PDF p. 181
Secured; SGD; SORA + 4%; maturity 2025
Secured bank loan 1US$ -874,872 PDF p. 181
Notes

Total printed 3,983,441 / 3,881,316. Columns: currency, nominal interest rate, year of maturity, guarantee and security. Security text wraps across lines in source.

Liquidity risk: contractual undiscounted maturity of borrowings

Liquidity risk: contractual undiscounted maturity of borrowings — Group
Item / unit 2025Within 1 year, US$2025Within 2 to 5 years, US$2025Total, US$ Source
Undiscounted financial liabilities, as at 31 December 2025
BorrowingsUS$ 1,862,9933,112,2374,975,230 PDF p. 202
Notes

Includes interest and principal cash flows. Second Group Borrowings row (2024 block): 2,430,706 / 2,032,525 / 4,463,231 for as at 31 December 2024. Company shows identical figures on p.203.

Liquidity risk: contractual undiscounted maturity of borrowings

Liquidity risk: contractual undiscounted maturity of borrowings — Group
Item / unit 2025Within 1 year, US$2025Within 2 to 5 years, US$2025Total, US$2024Within 1 year, US$2024Within 2 to 5 years, US$2024Total, US$ Source
Undiscounted financial liabilities, as at 31 December
BorrowingsUS$ 1,862,9933,112,2374,975,2302,430,7062,032,5254,463,231 PDF p. 202
Notes

Includes interest and principal cash flows. Second Group Borrowings row (2024 block): 2,430,706 / 2,032,525 / 4,463,231 for as at 31 December 2024. Company shows identical figures on p.203.

Includes interest and principal cash flows.

Borrowing notes 1 tables

Borrowings

Borrowings
Item / unit 2025Group, US$2024Group, US$2025Company, US$2024Company, US$ Source
Secured
Bank borrowingsUS$ -874,872-874,872 PDF p. 180
Shareholders loansUS$ 1,130,5111,430,9581,130,5111,430,958 PDF p. 180
Third partyUS$ 1,711,651-1,711,651- PDF p. 180
Unsecured
Shareholders loansUS$ 1,141,2791,575,4861,141,2791,575,486 PDF p. 180
Total
Total interest-bearing liabilitiesUS$ 3,983,4413,881,3163,983,4413,881,316 PDF p. 180
Current/non-current
CurrentUS$ 1,333,9052,077,8231,333,9052,077,823 PDF p. 180
Non-currentUS$ 2,649,5361,803,4932,649,5361,803,493 PDF p. 180
Notes

Secured subtotal printed: 2,842,162 / 2,305,830 / 2,842,162 / 2,305,830; unsecured subtotal 1,141,279 / 1,575,486 / 1,141,279 / 1,575,486.

Payout

Dividends & distributions

Dividend policy

ItemValuePeriod / scopeSource
Dividend Policy The Company does not have a formal dividend policy. The form, frequency and amount of any future dividends will depend on factors including the Group’s earnings, financial position, capital requirements, cash flow, general business conditions and other factors as the Board deems appropriate. No dividends were declared or paid for FY2025. Company, FY2025 PDF p. 120

Dividends declared and proposed

ItemValuePeriod / scopeSource
Dividend No dividend has been declared or recommended for FY2025 or FY2024. Group, FY2025 and FY2024 PDF p. 83

Extracted from Annual Report 2025 and checked against the cited pages; see the original report for full context.

Auditor’s report

Audit & risk signals

Audit opinion

ItemValuePeriod / scopeSource
Audit firm FORVIS MAZARS LLP Group and Company PDF p. 135
Engagement partner Ooi Chee Keong Group and Company PDF p. 135
Opinion In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements of the Group and the statement of financial position of the Company are properly drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1967 Group and Company PDF p. 132

Going concern

ItemValuePeriod / scopeSource
Going Concern These factors indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt on the Group’s and Company’s ability to continue as going concerns. Group and Company · As at 2025-12-31 PDF p. 142
Going Concern (Continued) The Directors are of the opinion that the preparation of the financial statements on a going concern basis remains appropriate. Group and Company PDF p. 143

Key audit matters

ItemValuePeriod / scopeSource
Impairment assessment of goodwill Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the management is required to perform an impairment assessment of goodwill, at least annually. Group · As at 2025-12-31 PDF p. 132

Extracted from Annual Report 2025 and checked against the cited pages; see the original report for full context.

How to read these figures

Group and parent company or bank figures are labelled separately. Parentheses indicate negative amounts; a dash and NA retain the report’s notation.

Comparative figures follow Annual Report 2025, including retrospective adjustments. Adjusted and reported earnings may have different definitions; refer to each statement’s notes.

These tables show the available extracted figures. The original annual report contains the full statements, notes and definitions.